Weightman Report
On 12 March 2011, the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Chris Huhne, requested Mike Weightman, HM Chief Inspector of Nuclear Installations, to produce a report on the implications for the UK nuclear industry of the accident that took place at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station in Japan. The purpose of the report is to identify any lessons to be learnt, taking forward this work in co-operation and co-ordination with national stakeholders and international colleagues. The Secretary of State asked for an interim report by the middle of May 2011, with a final report in September. The Secretary of State’s request has made clear that Mike Weightman has full independence to determine the scope of the report and the arrangements for conducting it.
HSE 29th March 2011 more >>
Japan
The radioactive core in a reactor at the crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant appears to have melted through the bottom of its containment vessel and on to a concrete floor, experts say, raising fears of a major release of radiation at the site. The warning follows an analysis by a leading US expert of radiation levels at the plant. Readings from reactor two at the site have been made public by the Japanese authorities and Tepco, the utility that operates it. Richard Lahey, who was head of safety research for boiling-water reactors at General Electric when the company installed the units at Fukushima, told the Guardian workers at the site appeared to have “lost the race” to save the reactor, but said there was no danger of a Chernobyl-style catastrophe.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Plutonium found in soil at the Fukushima nuclear complex heightened alarm on Tuesday over Japan’s battle to contain the world’s worst atomic crisis in 25 years, as pressure mounted on the prime minister to widen an evacuation zone around the plant.
STV 29th March 2011 more >>
Telegraph 29th March 2011 more >>
The amount of plutonium detected at the quake-stricken plant in Japan is similar to that which would occur at a location far from an atmospheric nuclear test but is not harmful to people, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency said on Tuesday.
Reuters 29th March 2011 more >>
A review of company and regulatory records shows that Japan and its largest utility repeatedly downplayed dangers and ignored warnings — including a 2007 tsunami study from Tokyo Electric Power Co’s senior safety engineer.
STV 29th March 2011 more >>
Japan’s government is reportedly ready to consider nationalising the operator of the crippled power plant at the centre of the worst nuclear accident in the country’s history. News that the state could take a majority stake in the Tokyo Electric Power company (Tepco) came after nuclear safety officials confirmed traces of plutonium had been found in soil in five locations in the Fukushima Daiichi atomic complex. The prime minister, Naoto Kan, fought off criticism of his handling of the crisis, insisting to MPs that a state of “maximum alert” would be maintained until the power plant had been made safe. Doubts over the future of Tepco, the largest power company in Asia, has coincided with mounting criticism of its handling of the world’s worst nuclear emergency since Chernobyl.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Japan’s prime minister has declared a state of “maximum alert” over the country’s nuclear disaster after highly toxic plutonium was found to have leaked into the soil from the plant.
Telegraph 29th March 2011 more >>
Sellafield is preparing to help the stricken Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan. As the crisis enters a third week at the tsunami-ravaged plant north east of Tokyo, officials at Sellafield are carrying out assessments ahead of lending equipment from its west Cumbrian site. A Sellafield spokesman said: “In response to the ongoing recovery operations at the Fukushima nuclear facility in Japan, the UK Government has made clear its willingness to offer assistance wherever possible.
Cumberland News 29th March 2011 more >>
Implications
Since the Fukushima accident we have seen a stream of experts on radiation telling us not to worry, that the doses are too low, that the accident is nothing like Chernobyl and so forth. They appear on television and we read their articles in the newspapers and online. Fortunately the majority of the public don’t believe them. I myself have appeared on television and radio with these people; one example was Ian Fells of the University of Newcastle who, after telling us all on BBC News that the accident was nothing like Chernobyl (wrong), and the radiation levels of no consequence (wrong), that the main problem was that there was no electricity and that the lifts didn’t work. “ If you have been in a situation when the lifts don’t work, as I have” he burbled on, “you will know what I mean.” You can see this interview on youtube and decide for yourself.
Counterpunch 28th March 2011 more >>
Low levels of radioactive iodine believed to be from the Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan have been detected in Glasgow and Oxfordshire. Health protection officials said the concentration of iodine 131 detected in air samples was “minuscule” and there was “no public health risk in the UK”.
BBC 29th March 2011 more >>
The Health Protection Agency (HPA) said that trace levels of the radioactive chemical iodine-131 had been detected by measurements taken at a monitoring station in Oxfordshire yesterday. Meanwhile, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Sepa) said an air sampler in Glasgow had picked up the particles which they believe could be from the plant.
Telegraph 29th March 2011 more >>
Express 29th March 2011 more >>
Glasgow Evening Times 29th March 2011 more >>
New Nukes
Professor Sir David King said Britain must embrace a nuclear future despite fears raised by the crisis at the Fukushima power plant in Japan. He pointed out this country has the largest stockpile of plutonium in the world from spent nuclear fuel. He said the highly radioactive material is dangerous because of the potential for terrorists to make “dirty bombs”. It is also expensive to process and bury in the ground as nuclear waste.
Telegraph 29th March 2011 more >>
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Independent 29th March 2011 more >>
A low carbon nuclear future: Economic assessment of nuclear materials and spent nuclear fuel management in the UK explores possible future scenarios to accelerate the delivery of a safe, holistic and long-term strategy for current and future nuclear material and spent fuel management. It assesses likely costs, risks, safety and potential returns to the UK taxpayer and the wider economy, and looks at options for existing and new facilities at Sellafield. Professor Sir David King, Director of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment said: “Currently the UK has a window of opportunity to deal with its nuclear material and spent fuel management and to maximise the value of its existing assets. The renaissance in new nuclear build creates an advantageous way of using these legacy materials as fuel for new nuclear power plants. Despite the terrible events in Japan, the economic, safety and carbon case for a new build programme in the UK has never been stronger.
Engineer Live 29th March 2011 more >>
A much anticipated report by Sir David King has recommended the UK takes a ‘holistic’ approach to nuclear power. The report, while demanding the government plans for how to deal with waste generated by future reactors, says the industry could be worth £10bn and would boost the economy of areas like West Cumbria – the home of Sellafield.
Edie 29th March 2011 more >>
The UK’s civil nuclear trade association has welcomed a new report by Professor Sir David King which underlines nuclear’s importance to the UK – and offers valuable insight into policy and the future shape of the nuclear sector.
Commodities Now 29th March 2011 more >>
Mark Lynas is an author, environmental activist and fierce proponent of nuclear power. Here, he tells Olivia Boyd why, even after Fukushima, his faith in the merits of atomic energy is firm.
China Dialogue 29th March 2011 more >>
The UK’s existing uranium and plutonium stocks should be converted into fuel and used in the country’s new-build nuclear reactors, according to a report from Oxford’s Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment. The report is intended to feed in to a government consultation on what should be done with the stockpile of nuclear material, which currently stands at 100t of plutonium, around 60,000 t of uranium and 6,000 t of used fuel from the UK’s fleet of so-called AGR reactors. Launching the report, Professor Gregg Butler of the University of Manchester, said there was “no cheap do-nothing option” for the material.
Utility Week 29th March 2011 more >>
STV 29th March 2011 more >>
Business Green 29th March 2011 more >>
Campaigners against nuclear power will meet Energy Minister Charles Hendry today to discuss the implications of the disaster in Japan. The meeting at the Business Department in Westminster involves campaigners from eight sites that have been proposed for new development, including Hinkley Point in Somerset and Oldbury, South Gloucestershire. The third meeting in the past six months will also be attended by civil servants and the agenda includes the implications for nuclear policy in the UK. Reg Illingworth of SANE, the group campaigning to halt any further plans for new nuclear at Oldbury, will attend. He said: “What with the potential judicial review over justification and the sad ongoing saga at Fukushima it will be years before any new nuclear plants are started in the UK. “Certainly the new Oldbury/Shepperdine site will not be open before 2025 which was one of the main criteria for qualifying as a suitable site“. Meanwhile influential former Lib Dem party leader Lord Ashdown has told how he had been “seriously shaken” by the safety failures in Japan.
This is Somerset 29th March 2011 more >>
Germany
German chancellor Angela Merkel’s coalition government is increasingly split on the future course of its nuclear policy, with a leading member of junior partner FDP saying that the operating licences of eight nuclear plants should be revoked at the end of the three-month moratorium. The coalition government had previously agreed not to announce any direction on its nuclear policy and the future of the eight reactors before the conclusion of the moratorium on the lifetime extension in mid-June.
Argus Media 29th March 2011 more >>
China
China pauses its plans to build the most new nuclear reactors in the world – but will not halt them.
Nature 29th March 2011 more >>
Renewables
Tidal energy company Marine Current Turbines (MCT), in partnership with RWE npower renewables, today submitted a consent application to install a 10MW array of tidal stream turbines off the North West coast of Anglesey in 2015. Consisting of seven twin-rotor turbines arranged across an area of 0.56sq.km, the array will harness the power of the tidal waters, generating enough power for over 10,000 homes on the island. It will be the first tidal array to be deployed in Wales/
Efficient Energy 28th March 2011 more >>
In spite of the turmoil on the markets in the last few weeks, Japan’s nuclear disaster looks like a positive for renewable energy stocks, as investors conclude that cleantech has a brighter future than nuclear power.
New Net 28th March 2011 more >>
Across the world, the future of nuclear power looks increasingly uncertain. If nuclear is indeed on the way out, is now a good time to invest in renewable energy?
This is Money 29th March 2011 more >>
Japan
Plutonium has been detected in soil at five locations at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, Tokyo Electric Power Co. said Monday. The operator of the nuclear complex said that the plutonium is believed to have been discharged from nuclear fuel at the plant.
Kyodo News 28th March 2011 more >>
Yahoo 28th March 2011 more >>
Highly toxic plutonium is seeping from the damaged nuclear power plant in Japan’s tsunami disaster zone into the soil outside, officials said. Plutonium has been detected in small amounts at several spots outside the Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant for the first time, plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) said. Safety chiefs said the amounts were not a risk to humans but supported suspicions that dangerously radioactive water was leaking from damaged nuclear fuel rods – a worrying development in the race to bring the power plant under control.
Wales Online 29th March 2011 more >>
Press & Journal 29th March 2011 more >>
Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan has said his government is in a state of maximum alert over the crippled Fukushima nuclear plant.
BBC 29th March 2011 more >>
The buildup of radioactive water in the tunnels underneath at least three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi plant is hindering efforts to restore power to the facility. The discovery of trace levels of plutonium, which is highly carcinogenic, suggests that contaminated water has seeped into the nearby soil.
LA Times 28th March 2011 more >>
Highly radioactive water has leaked from a reactor at Japan’s crippled nuclear complex, the plant’s operator said on Monday, while environmental group Greenpeace said it had detected high levels of radiation outside an exclusion zone.
STV 28th March 2011 more >>
Greenpeace called on the Japanese government to extend an evacuation zone around the stricken Fukushima nuclear power plant, saying it had found high radiation levels outside the zone. The environmental group said it had confirmed radiation levels of up to 10 microsieverts per hour in Iitate village, 40 km (25 miles) northwest of the nuclear plant.
STV 28th March 2011 more >>
IT COULD be months before engineers regain full control of Japan’s devastated nuclear reactors, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) chief nuclear inspector, Yukiya Amano. Speaking on Saturday, Amano warned that Japan was “far from the end of the accident.
Chemical Engineer 28th March 2011 more >>
Several hundred protesters took to the streets in Tokyo yesterday to demand the closure of all nuclear plants – as workers at Japan’s crippled nuclear plant fled for their lives following massive radiation readings which later turned out to be false.
Daily Mail 28th March 2011 more >>
Episodes of The Simpsons which feature jokes about nuclear meltdowns have been banned in a number of countries – as a reaction to the disaster currently unfolding in Japan.
Daily Mail 28th March 2011 more >>
Telegraph 29th March 2011 more >>
High levels of radioactivity in water leaking from a reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant resulted from a partial meltdown of fuel rods, Japanese officials have said, amid growing fears that radiation may also have seeped into seawater and soil.
Guardian 28th March 2011 more >>
The most remarkable thing about the response so far to the ‘‘gempatsu shinsai’’ (nuclear-earthquake disaster) that has engulfed Japan is that there are still people who think nuclear power has a future. Should this be attributed more to the dependence of modern industrialized societies on massive inputs of energy, or to a collective lack of imagination? We do not yet know how this unfolding catastrophe will end, but we can be sure that if most of the radioactivity in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant remains on site, then the true believers will claim that this is as bad as it gets and that the risk is worth taking. The environmental damage of localized contamination and releases to sea will be discounted and long-term health impacts from exposure to low levels of radiation will be denied. Even those workers who suffer from acute radiation sickness will not find their way into the most commonly quoted statistics, unless they die promptly. The truth is that even in the best-case scenario the environmental and human consequences of this disaster will be enormous.
Kyodo News 28th March 2011 more >>
“While people may become more cautious, renewable energy alone isn’t sufficient, so nuclear power is essential,” Hidehiko Nishiyama, a director general at Japan’s trade ministry said, suggesting that the country has no other natural resources like oil or natural gas, and that the government’s objective is not to quit nuclear power, but make it safer than ever – a reasonable point of view.
IB Times 28th March 2011 more >>
Hundreds of pregnant women are fleeing Japan’s east coast and capital Tokyo over fears that radiation from the Fukushima nuclear plant will harm their unborn babies. Workers are battling to avert a nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Dai-Ichi power plant have discovered a pool of radioactive water outside the crippled facility. Hospitals in the Osaka region, 450 miles from the crippled power station which is spewing radiation into the air, have been inundated with requests from mothers-to-be seeking a safe place to give birth.
Daily Mail 28th March 2011 more >>
Liability
The Japanese government plans to pay part of damages Tokyo Electric Power Co. will have to pay to people affected by the ongoing accident at its nuclear power plant Fukushima Prefecture, informed sources said Wednesday. Based on the law on compensation for nuclear damages, the government will first cover up to 240 billion yen of damages to be paid to those afflicted by the accident, which was caused by the 9.0-magnitude earthquake and ensuing massive tsunami that devastated many coastal towns and cities in the Tohoku northeastern Japan region including Fukushima Prefecture on March 11. But the government is also considering shouldering additional costs because even with its initial support, Tokyo Electric’s final damages payment amount is expected to surpass the company’s solvency, the sources said.
Jiji Press 23rd March 2011 more >>
Implications
The head of the United Nations agency that coordinates global nuclear safety today called for a high-level conference within three months to strengthen safety measures and emergency responses in light of the Japanese power plant crisis.
Click Green 28th March 2011 more >>
A HAMPSHIRE MP has spoken out against nuclear power following the Japan disaster. Dr Alan Whitehead, Labour MP for Southampton Test, has jointly sponsored a motion to call on the secretary of state to suspend the Government’s plans for a new nuclear power programme in the UK.
Daily Echo 29th March 2011 more >>
Japan’s Nikkei average fell on Tuesday, hurt by growing worries about the crippled nuclear plant and the impact of the earthquake and tsunami on corporate earnings, with plant operator Tokyo Electric Power untraded on a report it may be nationalised.
Interactive Investor 29th March 2011 more >>
Letter: Nuclear power is unsafe because the consequences of any accident are so dire. Despite George Monbiot’s perverse conclusion the disaster at Fukushima has so far caused the evacuation of over 100,000 people, the suspension of fisheries and agriculture over a large area and a ban on the consumption of drinking water by babies in a city of 12 million.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Andrew Warren: To those like George Monbiot who state “there is no alternative” to the great God atom, I always say you could consider how it is that Germany has the confidence to go down an entirely non-nuclear route, even with the same 2050 objective of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gases. The difference between where we believe our electricity consumption will be by then – twice, even three times, present levels – and where the German government thinks electricity demand can be via a purposeful and consistent efficiency programme (25% below present levels) is so vast that it does beg one obvious question. And that is, naturally, why have the Germans got it all so economically wrong yet again?
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Letter: A landmark study published recently in Scientific American found: “Nuclear power results in up to 25 times more carbon emissions than wind energy, when reactor construction and uranium-refining and transport are considered.” Atomic energy is no friend of climate.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Radhealth
Greg Dropkin: George Monbiot blithely cites claims that 100mSv is the lowest one-year dose clearly linked to increased cancer risk. This is just not true. For example, Steve Wing and David Richardson found significant increased cancer risks associated with exposure to 10 mSv in workers at the Oak Ridge plant in Tennessee.
Robin Russell-Jones: the BEIR VII committee of the US National Academy of Science estimated that Chernobyl was responsible for an extra 4,000 cancer deaths among evacuees and workers involved in the clean-up, and 5,000 extra cancer deaths among the population of Ukraine, Belarus and the Russian Federation. Furthermore, if one accepts the linear no-threshold model of ionising radiation, then, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there will be a total of 16,000 excess cancer deaths worldwide as a result of this nuclear disaster.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
New Nukes
A MAJOR report from Britain’s former chief scientific adviser will today claim there is an “urgent need” for a new long-term nuclear plan for the UK. The report is likely to give fresh ammunition to supporters of a new nuclear power station constructed on Anglesey when the Wylfa reactor comes to the end of its life. But environment groups and the Welsh Liberal Democrats claim there is no need for a new generation of power stations.
Western Mail 29th March 2011 more >>
Scottish Labour welcomed the publication of the report, which they said backed their policy. Rutherglen and Hamilton West MP, Tom Greatrex said: “Safety, reducing carbon emissions and keeping the lights on must be at the heart of a sensible and sustainable energy policy.” Labour also points out that no company currently wants to build new nuclear power stations in Scotland, but says that it would consider any application on a case-by-case basis. A spokesman for the SNP said: “With Labour publishing their pro-nuclear election policy – entirely the wrong one for Scotland – these different visions of our energy future will become a major issue in the election.” The campaign group Nuclear Free Local Authorities (NFLA), which includes a number of Scottish councils, called on the Coalition to guarantee there will be no public subsidies of new nuclear power stations in the wake of the Japan crisis.
Herald 29th March 2011 more >>
The UK’s nuclear industry is in no shape to cope with a large-scale reactor building programme and must be overhauled if the coalition wants to push ahead with its nuclear expansion plans, according to the former government chief scientist. The industry is better equipped to manage the decline and decommissioning of existing nuclear plants, rather than set up new ones, a study led by Sir David King has concluded. If Britain is to deal with its nuclear waste, as well as build new reactors, then more waste must be recycled. But this would mean keeping open and even expanding the controversial Thorp reprocessing plant at Sellafield, which was shut down for more than two years, from 2005 to 2008, because of a serious, though contained, leak of radioactive liquid inside the plant. That was the longest of several shutdowns in recent years at the plant, which has been dogged with problems and has never run at full capacity.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
Peter Birtles, group board director of Sheffield Forgemasters International, makers of large cast and forged components for nuclear power plants, gives his view on the effect of Japan’s disaster on the nuclear industry and says the world has little alternative for mass scale power generation.
The Manufacturer 17th March 2011 more >>
Wylfa
Two turbines at Magnox’ UK Wylfa nuclear power plants went offline on Sunday for unplanned maintenance and are due to return to service within two days, a spokesman for operator Magnox said on Monday.
Reuters 28th March 2011 more >>
Sizewell & Bradwell
A business event being held in Lowestoft next week is to look at how the region is poised to play a significant role in the nuclear energy sector. The event, rganised by the East of England Energy Group (EEEGr), will explore all aspects of the sector from potential new reactors at Sizewell and Bradwell, in Essex, to decommissioning old plants.
Eastern Daily Press 28th March 2011 more >>
Hinkley
Councils in Somerset say more detail is needed about the overall impact of a new nuclear power station at Hinkley. Conservative leader of the county council, Ken Maddock, said the project was welcomed but the last consultation “still had some way to go in getting the proposals up to scratch”.
District councils were also worried about the level of community benefits, housing, job creation and transport.
BBC 28th March 2011 more >>
THE latest stage of EDF Energy’s consultation on its plans for Hinkley Point C nuclear power station draws to a close today. The month-long consultation has involved several public exhibitions in the area, which EDF says have been attended by around 1200 people.
Bridgwater Mercury 28th March 2011 more >>
Decision makers in Sedgemoor have passed a series of resolutions in response to the latest proposals from EDF Energy – the Stage 2 Update – for a new nuclear power station at Hinkley Point, which reflect the serious concerns it still has over some of the details.
Total Star 25th March 2011 more >>
Dungeness
Since my election I have been campaigning for the Government to include Dungeness on the list of recommended sites for a new nuclear power station, and understandably the earthquake in Japan and subsequent damage to the reactors at Fukushima has led people to ask whether we can still rely on this technology.
Kent News 28th March 2011 more >>
Companies
THE €1.62bn (£1.43bn) valuation for Siemens’ stake in a nuclear power venture was calculated by BDO head of advisory Gervase McGregor. Siemens, Germany’s largest engineering company, and venture partner Areva, organised the independent valuation. French-based Areva could be provided with the option to buy the 34% stake by the end of January 2012.
Accountancy Age 28th March 2011 more >>
Germany
Germany’s nuclear power plants suffer from serious safety deficits, with inadequate protections against earthquakes, plane crashes and cyber attacks. Retrofitting the plants would be so complex and costly that their continued operation makes little financial sense.
Der Spiegel 25th March 2011 more >>
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said on Monday it would take her Christian Democrats a long time to overcome the pain of an election defeat in their conservative heartland where the Greens won on fears about nuclear power.
IB Times 28th March 2011 more >>
The two German state elections Sunday were of key importance – but the Greens found the proper keyhole. Much of their remarkable gains were based on tragedy – the horror of Fukushima in Japan and fears that one of the four ageing atomic reactors in Baden-Wurttemberg – the youngest 22 years old, the oldest 35 – might cause a similar disaster. Huge demonstrations took place the day before the election, with 90,000 people in Berlin and over 400,000 in four other major German cities demanding an end to nuclear power.
Morning Star 28th March 2011 more >>
Chancellor Angela Merkel yesterday blamed Japan’s Fukushima nuclear disaster for the crushing defeat inflicted on her ruling Christian Democrats by the Greens in key state elections at the weekend – but ruled out changes to her coalition in response to her party’s humiliation.
Independent 29th March 2011 more >>
Germany’s governing coalition of Christian Democrats and Free Democrats has signalled a move away from atomic energy after its pro-nuclear policies were rejected by voters in the state of Baden-W rttemberg.
FT 29th March 2011 more >>
Slovenia
A communist-era nuclear power plant that Croatia shares with Slovenia is safe, Croatia’s President Ivo Josipovic insisted Monday during a visit to Lithuania. “There are no official requirements to close this nuclear plant because it’s very safe,” Josipovic told reporters at a press conference with his Lithuanian counterpart Dalia Grybauskaite.
EU Business 28th March 2011 more >>
Disarmament
After the New Start treaty, with its modest reductions in the US and Russia nuclear arsenals, barely scraped through the US Senate in December, there is not a great deal of optimism around for a follow-on arms control agreement any time soon. Nor is there much hope that the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty will finally be approved in a finely-balanced Senate in the run-up to an election. Against this gloomy backdrop, James Acton, a nuclear policy expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, has brought out a practical guide to the seemingly impossible.
Guardian 28th March 2011 more >>
Renewables
Letter from Network of European Metropolitan Regions and Areas: The EU building standards directive seeks to reduce the energy use in buildings to 120kw/h m . Most of Europe’s urban buildings use two to three times this. The first step to decarbonisation must be to lower consumption through waste reduction. However, it is the next step that has not yet been recognised. Europe’s larger urban areas have the potential to meet such reduced energy demand from the renewable energy-generating potential of their land and buildings. Metropolitan energy self-sufficiency is conceivable and achievable, with all the benefits for energy security, stable energy prices and competitiveness that this could bring. Energy saving can fund the required renewable energy investment. We could have a decarbonised urban Europe in 20 to 30 years and greenhouse gas emissions would not then be an issue. A major European project is coming to its conclusion shortly and the evidence will be made public.
Guardian 29th March 2011 more >>
